Botox for smile lines New Westminster

Botox for smile lines New Westminster

Botulinum toxin type A

Ideal candidates are typically individuals who are looking to reduce visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and loss of volume in the face. This is your opportunity to ask questions and express any hesitations. Learn more about Botox for smile lines New Westminster here Scheduling regular sessions will maintain your results, keeping you looking refreshed and youthful. It's science meeting artistry, all to help you look and feel your best. Botulinium toxin We regularly send out updates on the latest deals, ensuring you never miss an opportunity to save.
They'll also remind you about your appointment a day before, ensuring you're well-prepared and don't miss out on your chance to enhance your beauty. Learn more about Best place for Botox and Filler near Columbia Street, New Westminster here. Rest assured, when performed by our certified professionals, these treatments are safe. They use only the highest quality products and the latest techniques, ensuring you receive the best possible results with minimal risk. Another testament comes from a person who'd always been skeptical about cosmetic procedures.
Before any treatment, we conduct a thorough consultation to understand your medical history and discuss potential risks and benefits, ensuring that you're well-informed and confident in your decision. Read more about Botox for smile lines New Westminster here That's why we dive deep into understanding your specific beauty goals, lifestyle, and any concerns you might have. ATCvet code QM03AX01 Let's embark on this journey together. Moving on to dermal fillers, the procedure is designed to restore volume and reduce wrinkles, resulting in a more youthful appearance.
It's about feeling empowered and assured in your skin, ready to take on the world with confidence. Arrive with a clean face-no makeup or heavy lotions. Moreover, sleeping on your back the first night helps maintain the filler's placement. Moreover, these treatments require minimal downtime, allowing you to return to your daily activities without significant interruption.



Botox for smile lines New Westminster - Botulinum G toxin

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Each testimonial isn't just a story; it's a shared experience of transformation, satisfaction, and renewed self-esteem, all thanks to Manhas Health Co.'s commitment to excellence in Botox and filler services. These images not only showcase the skill of the practitioners but also highlight the customized approach they take with each client. Their team of professionals isn't only highly trained in the latest techniques but also committed to personalized care. Whether you're looking to smooth out wrinkles, restore volume, or enhance facial contours, they've got you covered.

You're probably wondering what fillers are made of. You're in the hands of experts who are adept at using just the right amount of product in the right places, ensuring a natural, refreshed look, not overdone or artificial. It's personalized care at its best.'These testimonials highlight the personalized approach we take with every client.

To make your experience even more rewarding, Manhas Health Co offers exclusive specials and promotions on our botox and filler treatments. Botulinum toxins They're also better equipped to handle any unforeseen complications, should they arise. Moreover, Manhas Health Co. stays ahead by continuously training in the newest methods and embracing technological advancements in the field. Botulinum toxin type C

They offer a range of hyaluronic acid fillers, known for their ability to attract and retain moisture, giving your skin a natural, hydrated look. At Manhas Health Co., you're not just a client; you're part of our community, where we're dedicated to helping you look and feel your best. You can usually resume most daily activities immediately, although we recommend avoiding strenuous exercise for 24 to 48 hours to ensure optimal results.



Botox for smile lines New Westminster - Onaclostox

    Botox appointment New Westminster

    It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula, and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.

    Botox for fine lines New Westminster

    Nearby Tourist Attractions

    Como Lake Park

    Tourist attraction, Park
    Como Lake Park, 700 Gatensbury St, Coquitlam, BC V3J 5G8
    Snug urban green space with a lakeside trail, a play structure, sports fields & a picnic area.

    West Village Park

    Whalley
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    West Village Park, 10357 133 St, Surrey, BC V3T 3Y9


    Citations and other links

    Anti-aging injections Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    Instead of a one-size-fits-all approach, you'll engage in a one-on-one conversation with a skilled professional who's genuinely interested in understanding what you hope to achieve and how best to get you there.

    Botox for smile lines New Westminster - Botulinum toxins

    1. Botulinum toxin type C2
    2. Clostridium botulinum toxin
    3. Oculinum
    4. Botulinum toxin type C
    5. Letybo
    6. Xeomin
    7. Botulinum toxin C
    8. Botulinum toxin E
    9. LetibotulinumtoxinA
    10. Botox
    11. Bo-tox
    12. Dysport A
    13. Botulinum
    14. ATC code M03AX01
    15. PrabotulinumtoxinA
    16. C6760H10447N1743O2010S32
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    Here, you're not just another client. You'll feel confident knowing they're using the latest technology and products to enhance your natural beauty. Her words, 'I've never felt more taken care of,' echo the sentiments of many who've walked through Manhas Health Co.'s doors.

    Once you've made contact, they'll ask you a few simple questions about your goals and any concerns you might have.

    Botox for smile lines New Westminster - Botulinum toxins

    1. Botulism toxin
    2. Botulismotoxin
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    You should also steer clear of strenuous exercise for the first 24 to 48 hours. It's a quick process, usually taking just a few minutes, with no anesthesia required.

    Moreover, their impressive track record of satisfied clients speaks volumes. Your input is crucial, and we'll work closely with you to understand your goals and ensure the results are subtle yet effective. They're not just for deep wrinkles or sagging skin; they can also enhance your lips, define your jawline, and lift your cheeks without the need for invasive surgery.

    It's this level of detailed care and commitment to meeting individual needs that sets Manhas Health Co. apart. At Manhas Health Co., you're not just getting Botox and filler injections. This knowledge will help you have an informed discussion with your specialist.

    Anti-aging injections Botox for smile lines New Westminster
    Best Botox Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    Best Botox Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    At Manhas Health Co. in Botox for smile lines New Westminster, you're not just another client; you're a canvas for aesthetic enhancements that promise to rejuvenate and refresh your appearance. ATC code M03AX01 Don't miss out on our referral program either. This ensures your satisfaction and safety throughout the process, cementing Manhas Health Co. as a leader in personalized aesthetic care in Botox for smile lines New Westminster. Understanding the common concerns surrounding Botox and filler treatments, it's essential you know what to expect and how to address these issues.

    They're always available to answer your questions and address any concerns you may have, making your experience as comfortable and satisfying as possible.

    Botox for smile lines New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type C

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    This personalized approach extends to their aftercare as well, with follow-up consultations to ensure you're delighted with your results. They focus on complimenting your natural beauty, aiming for results that look like you, just refreshed.

    If you're interested in body contouring, they offer non-invasive options that can help you achieve your desired shape without the need for surgery. Moreover, our specialists are committed to upholding the highest standards of patient care. Most clients begin to see visible improvements within a few days, with results lasting up to four months.

    At Manhas Health Co., we understand that every individual's journey towards enhancing their appearance is distinct. During your consultation, you'll discuss your aesthetic aspirations and any concerns you might have. It's a partnership, where they provide their expertise and you bring your beauty vision.

    Skin rejuvenation Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    You're not changing who you are; you're simply bringing out the best version of yourself. It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident. You might wonder how the two treatments can work together. Booking your consultation is easy and convenient. Having outlined the essential before and after care for your Botox or filler treatment, it's clear why Manhas Health Co stands out as a premier choice.

    At Manhas Health Co., they've turned the application of facial fillers into an art form, tailor-making each treatment to enhance your natural beauty. Next, they'll assess your facial structure and skin condition, taking into account your age, skin type, and any underlying health conditions. Their experts understand that each face is unique, and they tailor your treatment to match your specific needs.

    Botox for smile lines New Westminster - C6760H10447N1743O2010S32

    1. Prabotulinumtoxin A
    2. Botulinum toxin type B
    3. Botulinumtoxin
    4. Botulinum C toxin
    5. IncobotulinumtoxinA
    6. Jeuvea
    7. Botulismotoxin
    8. Nuceiva
    9. Botulinum toxin C1
    10. Jeuveau
    11. AbobotulinumtoxinA
    12. Botulinum toxin F
    13. Type B botulinum toxin
    14. Type F botulinum toxin
    15. Onaclostox
    16. Botulinum toxin D
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    19. Botulinum B toxin
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    Moreover, these treatments can help even out your skin tone, diminishing the visibility of age spots, acne scars, and hyperpigmentation.

    At Manhas Health Co., we believe in highlighting what makes you uniquely attractive, rather than altering your appearance into something unrecognizable. You've likely heard the buzz around their experienced professionals and personalized treatment plans, but there's more beneath the surface.

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    Botox, a popular non-surgical cosmetic treatment, works by temporarily relaxing facial muscles to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Botulinum toxins It's all about getting to the heart of your aspirations, ensuring the proposed plan resonates deeply with you.

    As you're exploring your options for Botox and fillers, it's crucial to choose a provider that not only delivers stunning results but also prioritizes your safety and individual needs. Next, you'll undergo a detailed facial analysis. It's not about freezing your face but relaxing the muscles to give you a more rested, youthful appearance. Each before and after photo is a testament to the personalized approach we take with every client. Bontoxilysin

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    Youth injections Botox for smile lines New Westminster
    Youth injections Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    This level of care cements Manhas Health Co. Botulinum G toxin as a clinic where proven results aren't just a possibility-they're a guarantee. These fillers work by plumping up areas that have lost elasticity and fullness due to aging, giving you a smoother, more youthful appearance. The actual procedure is quite straightforward. At Manhas Health Co., they understand that everyone's skin and body react differently to treatments. This individual's story is a beacon for anyone hesitant to take the first step towards enhancing their natural beauty.

    At Manhas Health Co., you're not just getting a treatment; you're gaining a team dedicated to your safety and comfort. Lastly, be patient. To make the most of your treatments, it's important to follow a good skincare routine, stay hydrated, and protect your skin from the sun. They use only the highest quality products, and every procedure is conducted with the utmost care to ensure your well-being.

    The procedure is quick, usually done within an hour, and results are immediate. Before any treatment begins, we conduct a thorough consultation to understand your medical history and aesthetic goals. Your initial consultation at Manhas Health Co. is a pivotal step, designed to map out a clear, personalized path to achieving your aesthetic goals. Their team takes the time to discuss any concerns you might have, ensuring you're fully informed and comfortable before proceeding.

    The staff at Manhas Health Co. takes the time to listen to your concerns, answer your questions, and discuss your options without rushing you into a decision. Botulinum toxin D One of the key benefits you'll enjoy is immediate results. You'll appreciate the thoughtful approach they take to consultation, listening intently to your concerns and goals before devising a personalized treatment plan. It's this level of personalized attention and care that sets Manhas Health Co. apart in Botox for smile lines New Westminster.

    Botox facial treatment Botox for smile lines New Westminster

    Manhas Health Co. makes it effortless to schedule your Botox and filler treatments in Botox for smile lines New Westminster. With fillers, you're not changing who you are; you're simply restoring volume where it's been lost or highlighting features you already love. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means you're selecting a partner who places your well-being at the forefront of their practice. Botox, a revolutionary treatment for combating wrinkles and signs of aging, effectively smooths out skin by temporarily paralyzing underlying muscles. Botulinumtoxin
    Fillers are made from substances like hyaluronic acid that your body naturally produces. We ensure your treatments are both safe and effective by using only the highest quality Botox and filler products available on the market. Their use of cutting-edge technology and high-quality products guarantees you're receiving the best possible care.
    You might also be concerned about looking 'overdone.' The goal at Manhas Health Co. is to enhance your natural beauty, not change your appearance drastically. This helps prevent the product from spreading to unintended areas, ensuring it works exactly where you need it. They're there to guide you every step of the way.
    You can easily turn your visit into a pleasant day out, grabbing a coffee or enjoying a leisurely stroll along the river. Follow-up care is straightforward. Let's explore why choosing Manhas Health Co could be the turning point in your journey to enhancing your natural beauty, leaving a trail of intrigue for what lies beyond the initial consultation.

    Learn more about Botox for smile lines New Westminster here
    Botox facial treatment Botox for smile lines New Westminster
    Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

    A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

    Skin

    [edit]

    Causes for aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

    Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

    Sleep wrinkles

    [edit]

    Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

    Water-immersion wrinkling

    [edit]
    A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

    The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

    Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

    Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

    In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

    This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

    Other animals with wrinkles

    [edit]

    Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

    Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A man receiving a botox injection

    Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

    Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

    Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

    Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

    Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

    Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

    Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
    2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
    3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
    4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
    5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
    6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
    7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
    8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
    9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
    11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
    13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
    14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
    15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
    16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
    17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
    18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
    19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
    20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
    21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
    22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
    23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
    [edit]

    Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

    A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

    Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

    Etymology

    [edit]
    The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

    The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

    An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

    Overview

    [edit]
    A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

    Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

    Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

    Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

    Function

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

    The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

    Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

    Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

    Large outpatient clinics

    [edit]
    Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

    Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

    Function

    [edit]

    Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

    Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

    Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

    Internationally

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

    Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

    In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

    Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

    In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

    India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

    Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

    Mobile clinics

    [edit]
    Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
    A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

    Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

    A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

    A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

    Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

    Types

    [edit]
    Storefront clinic in Manhattan

    There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

    • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
    • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
    • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
    • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
    • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
    • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
    4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
    5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
    6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
    7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
    8. ^ Google
    9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
    10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
    11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
    12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
    14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
    15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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